Educational Research & Assessment

  Research tools or Instrument General guidelines for constructing Questionnaire ·         Questions should be brief and attractive. ·         The questionnaire should be easy to response. Items/ Statement 1.    Items should be directly related with objective. 2.    Items should be structure according to specific guidelines. 3.    Each item should deal with single concept. 4.    Unanimous questions should not be asked. 5.    Avoid leading questions. 6.    Avoid series of the questions. Interview Interview is qualitative research method which means to collect information from candidates is one to one mode. Interview questions are usually open-ended questions so that in-depth information will be collected.

  HRM Human resource management process Basic components of HRM HRM Functions

  “Turnitin” Turnitin is best plagiarism checking software.it provide you true information of your Thesis, synopsis, Research paper. It is originality checking and plagiarism prevention service that check your writing for mistake or inappropriate copying. When you submit your paper, Turnitin compares it to text in its massive database of student work, websites books, articles etc. Universities and high schools typically by licenses to use the software as a service, website, which checks submitted documents against its database and the content of other websites with the aim of identifying plagiarism. Results can identify similarities with existing sources, and can also be used in formative assessment to help students learn to avoid plagiarism and improve their writing. advantages disadvantages   It makes spotting plagiarism easy.   It does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writing.   It improves the q

  Imam Al- Ghazali was born in Tabran in Kharasan district in1058 A.D. Al- Ghazali has been known as the 5 th century Muslims Mujaddid. His original name was Abu Hamid bin Muhammad Al- Ghazali. He is called Ghazali because he was born at Ghazala. He was one of the most dominate Muslim thinkers. On 18 December 1111, Ghazali died in Tous, Iran. Contributions The main contributions of Imam AL- Ghazali are religion, philosophy and Sufism. Discuss in detail issues related to reality, truth, knowledge and human nature. Al-Ghazali was an Islamic philosopher and hi criticism of Greek philosophy will change the direction of Islamic philosophy. Al-Ghazali wrote more than 700 books on science, Islamic philosophy and Sufism. Foundations of educational philosophy of Al-Ghazali Types of knowledge According to Imam Ghazali there are two types of knowledge. “According to William Montgomery Watt” Al- Ghazali considered himself to be the Mujaddid of his age.

T eaching is an interpersonal influence aimed at changing the behavior of students to describe direction. Teachers have to direct their student into positive direction what is right and what is wrong. A teacher are classroom managers, so it is their responsibility to solve daily problems concerning to their instructions, selection and organization i.e. Top twenty personal qualities of a good teacher 1.     Honesty 2.     Kindness 3.     Democratic 4.     Being smiling 5.     Being sincere 6.     Self-accepting 7.     Patient listener 8.     Neat and Tidy 9.     Good personality 10. Brave and tolerant 11. Cheerful disposition 12. Thirst for knowledge 13. Inspires the students 14. Cooperative and sharing 15. Good health and strength 16. Regularity and punctuality 17. Moral qualities and virtues 18. Friend, philosopher and guide 19. Conformity between saying and doing 20. Develop self- confidence in students     Professional qualities of a

Guidance- Seven services program Forms of Guidance Agencies of Guidance

Validity effecting factors Reliability effecting factors

What is grading? Grade is an alphabetical or numerical symbol or mark that indicates the degree to which intended outcomes have been achieved. The main purpose of grades is to communicate how well a student is doing in the various subject areas. Types of grading: Percent grading Percentage grade is calculated by dividing the earned points by the total points possible. In percent grading involves averaging score and converting them to a percent. Norm referenced grading In norm referenced grading involves rank ordering students and expressing at given students achievements in relation to the achievement. We see the performance and compare with the group fellows. Normal- Curve grading In the extreme from the norm referenced grading is based on an assumption of a normal distribution and is fixed percentage of student receiving each grade. Some students must receive failing grades regardless of their actual level; of achievement.  Pass- Fail grading A pass/fail grading does not fulf

Types of Assessment Placement or Pre- Assessment To determine students performance at the beginning of the instruction. So this type of assessment are used to place students into a course, course level, or academic program. Formative Assessment To monitor the students learning progress during instruction. Its purpose is to provide continuous feedback to both students and teachers concerning learning success and failures.  some examples of formative assessment are included: group projects class discussions progress reports  Portfolios Diagnostic Assessment  To diagnostic learning difficulties during instruction. It is a highly specialized procedure. This type of assessment can also help benchmark student progress. Some examples of diagnostic assessment are short quizzes, students interviews, classroom discussion etc. Summative Assessment This type of assessment use to assess the student's achievement at the end of instruction. the purpose of summative assessment is to provide eviden